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Bruno Pontecorvo
Bruno Pontecorvo ((ロシア語:Бру́но Макси́мович Понтеко́рво), ''Bruno Maksimovich Pontekorvo''; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and then the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially on neutrinos. According to Oleg Gordievsky (the highest-ranking KGB officer ever to defect) and Pavel Sudoplatov (former deputy director of Foreign Intelligence for the Soviet Union), Pontecorvo was also a Soviet agent.〔; 〕 A convinced communist, he defected to the Soviet Union in 1950, where he continued his research on the decay of the muon and on neutrinos. The prestigious Pontecorvo Prize was instituted in his memory in 1995.
==Early life and education==
Pontecorvo was born in Marina di Pisa into a wealthy non-observant Italian Jewish family. After attending the first two years of Engineering at the University of Pisa, at only 18 he was admitted to the third year of Physics at the University of Rome ''La Sapienza''. There he soon became one of the closest (and the youngest) assistants of Fermi and one of the so-called Via Panisperna boys (as Fermi's group of scientists is often called, after the name of the street where the Institute of Physics of Rome University was then situated). Fermi described Pontecorvo as "scientifically one of the brightest men with whom I have come in contact in my scientific career".
In 1934 he contributed to Fermi's famous experiment showing the properties of slow neutrons that led the way to the discovery of nuclear fission.
Bruno Pontecorvo was the older brother of Gillo Pontecorvo, the director of ''The Battle of Algiers'', as well as Guido Pontecorvo, a geneticist, and Poli Pontecorvo, an engineer who worked on radar after World War II.
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